Oceans

The oceans covering the Earth are rich in animal and plant life, but neither of these communities could survive without the chemical or gaseous constituents of seawater.

To phytoplankton, for instance, the silicates, nitrates and phosphates found in this water are essential. Oxygen, also necessary for marine life, is found in abundance in the sea - an average of 6ml is found per liter of water.

The dependence on the salinity (salt level) of water is also reflected in the movement of marine communities around its increase and reduction.

Light also affects them in this way. The blueness of the sea depends on the depth of penetration of blue light which, in turn, depends on the smoothness of the waters. In clear waters such as the Caribbean, light may reach depths of 160m, whereas on rough coasts it may only go down to 15m.

1	Atlantic Ocean	Marcia Malory	27
2	Humans and the Ocean	Marcia Malory	1402
3	Icebergs and Pack Ice	Jonathan Malory	1820
4	Life at the Edge of the Ocean	Marcia Malory	938
5	Ocean Color, Sound and Light	Jonathan Malory	1285
6	Ocean Currents	Jonathan Malory	2927
7	Ocean Facts	Marcia Malory	2838
8	Ocean Floor	Jonathan Malory	10247
9	Ocean Waves	Jonathan Malory	5693
10	Oceans and Geology	Marcia Malory	1789
11	Pacific Ocean	Marcia Malory	42
12	Seawater Composition	Jonathan Malory	1518
13	Seawater Temperature	Jonathan Malory	1282
14	Tides	Jonathan Malory	3820
15	Tsunamis	Jonathan Malory	1464

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